8:30 - 10:00 Stephen Perz Woodburn 218
"The Demographic Dimensions of Land Use and Land-Cover Change: An Introduction with Emphasis on the Brazilian Amazon"
This session discusses ways demographic processes may influence land use and land-cover change. It adopts a hierarchical theoretical approach that reveals different demographic mechanisms at work on different spatial and temporal scales. At the macro-level, population dynamics have much more complicated and less obvious effects on land use and land-cover change than popularly believed. The case of the Brazilian Amazon shows how population and deforestation dynamics have varied over time and across the region, and not always corresponded. This calls for greater and more careful attention to demographic processes and perspectives in the study of land cover change.
Readings: Perz, S. G. In press. The Changing Social Contexts of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Social Science Quarterly. (Core)
Gibson, C. C., E. Ostrom, and T. K. Ahn. 2000. The Concept of Scale and the Human Dimensions of Global Change: A Survey. Ecological Economics 32:217–239. (See Reference Readings for Week I, Monday, May 14, 8:30 a.m. lecture.)
Pebley, A. 1998. Demography and Environment. Demography 35(4):377–389.
Wood, C. H. 1992. Demographic Perspectives on Ecological Disorder in Amazonia. In Ecological Disorder in Amazonia: Social Aspects, ed. L. Kosinski, 129–147. Rio de Janeiro: UNESCO/ISSC/Educam.
Wood, C. H., and D. L. Skole. 1998. Linking Satellite, Census, and Survey Data to Study Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. In People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science, ed. D. Liverman, E. F. Moran, R. R. Rindfuss, and P. C. Stern, 70-93. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
(See Core Readings for Week I, Friday, May 18, 2:00 p.m. lecture.)
10:00 - 10:20 Break
10:20 - 11:30 Stephen Perz Woodburn 218
"Household-Level Demographic Processes and the Evolution of Land Management Strategies in the Brazilian Amazon"
Most demographic research on land use and land-cover change involves macro-level analyses, which overlook complementary micro-level linkages. This session pursues the theoretical basis for such linkages by focusing on life-cycle-related changes in the demographic composition of farm households in the Brazilian Amazon, and how such changes influence land-use strategies and thus land cover. Empirical findings from one Amazon colony indicate strong effects of demographic composition on land use, and this calls for greater attention by analysts to the micro-level demographic dimensions of land-cover change.
Readings: Perz, S. G. 2001. Household Demography and Land Use Allocation among Small Farms in the Brazilian Amazon. Paper presented at the Population Association of America meetings, Washington, D.C., March 28–31. (Core)
Marquette, C. M. 1998. Land Use Patterns among Small Farmers in the Northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon. Human Ecology 26(4):573–593.
McCracken, S. D., E. S. Brondizio, D. Nelson, E. F. Moran, A. D. Siqueira, and C. Rodriguez-Pedraza. 1999. Remote Sensing and GIS at Farm Property Level: Demography and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 65(11):1311–1320. (See Reference Readings for Week I, Wednesday, May 16, 8:30 a.m. lecture.)
Walker, R. T., and A. K. O. Homma. 1996. Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview. Ecological Economics 18:67–80.
11:30 - 12:30 Two Participant Presentations Woodburn 218
12:30 - 2:00 Lunch
2:00 - 2:45 Tom Evans Woodburn 218
GIS Lecture #2: "GIS Database Construction"
This session discusses methods of getting your data into a GIS. In particular, data formats, data import/export, secondary data sources, and pre-processing of primary data are discussed. The goal of this session is to provide participants with the information necessary to evaluate what data are appropriate for spatial representation and the sources of error involved with GIS database construction. Participants are encouraged to discuss specific elements of their research to assess the utility of a spatial component to their work (if lacking).
Readings: Same as GIS Lecture #1, Week I, Friday, May 18, 2:00 p.m.
3:00 - 5:00 Tom Evans ACT Lab
GIS Lab #2: "GIS Database Construction"
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8:30 - 9:00 Jon Unruh Woodburn 218
Discussion of Week I of Summer Institute, Questions and Issues
9:00 - 10:00 Two Participant Presentations Woodburn 218
10:00 -10:20 Break
10:20 - 11:30 Glen Green Woodburn 218
Lecture and 3-D Slide Show: "Forest Structure and Remote Sensing"
Establishing the physical basis for satellite-derived reflectance values is essential for global change studies. In this lecture we examine several key forest biophysical phenomena: leaf area index, leaf morphology, and monolayer/multilayer leaf distribution strategies. These ecologically sensitive parameters can then be related to satellite-derived reflectance values. A 3-D slide show will show these concepts using examples from temperate deciduous and tropical wet and dry forests.
Readings: Arvidson, R, I. Duncan, G. Green, B. Rivard, M. Sultan. 1993. Geological Mapping Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Data over Oak-Hickory Forest, Arctic, and Hyperarid Terrains. In Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and Mineralogical Composition, ed. Carlé M. Pieters and Peter A. J. Englert. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of University of Cambridge .
11:30 - 12:30 Two Participant Presentations Woodburn 218
12:30 - 2:00 Lunch
2:00 - 2:45 Glen Green Woodburn 218
Lecture: "Radiometric Calibration"
By converting raw Landsat satellite image Digital Numbers (DNs) to the surface reflectance values, radiometric calibration permits the comparison of satellite data across time, space, and wavelength, an essential element in monitoring global environmental change. These calibrated data can then also be compared to physical measures from other disciplines.
Readings: Green, G. 1998. Absorption and Scattering Notes.
Green G., C. Schweik, and M. Hanson. Under review. Radiometric Calibration of Landsat MultiSpectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper Images: Guidelines for the Global Change Community. Submitted to Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. (Will be distributed during this lecture.)
3:00 - 5:00 Glen Green ACT Lab
Lab: "Radiometric Calibration"
This lab will present hands-on procedures for calibrating Landsat satellite data using image-processing shareware for the PC platform.
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8:30 - 10:00 Catherine Tucker Woodburn 218
"Mesoamerica Research Discussion"
CIPEC's work in Mesoamerica focuses on sites in Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. Processes of forest change vary from severe degradation and clearing to successful management with afforestation. The processes relate to local organizational capacity and priorities, as well as interactions with regional, national, and international policies and pressures. This discussion will address recent research in the region, including the results of analyses that address landscape dynamics and trajectories, and accessibility factors. It will explore theoretical challenges and puzzles for comparative studies of human dimensions of forest change across sites in the region.
Readings: Tucker, C. M. 1999. Private vs. Common Property Forests: Forest Conditions and Tenure in a Honduran Community. Human Ecology 27( 2):201–230. (Core)
Southworth, J., and C. M. Tucker. In press. The Roles of Accessibility, Local Institutions, and Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Forest Cover Change in the Mountains of Western Honduras. Mountain Research and Development (August 2001). (Will be mailed to you upon release from the publisher.)
10:00 - 10:20 Break
10:20 - 11:30 Glen Green Woodburn 218
Lecture: "Remote Sensing and Global Change"
Madagascar is often used as an example of environmental degradation. As a ?worst case scenario," deforestation and subsequent soil erosion in Madagascar are often found in the popular press, and the Malagasy are often portrayed as the villains in these stories. But is this depiction accurate? European researchers Fairhead and Leach have recently challenged these tales of African environmental destruction as unsubstantiated by the evidence, and merely an extension of colonial-era "orthodoxy" or "received wisdom" (Fairhead and Leach 1996). We will examine these issues for Madagascar and the Malagasy and how remote sensing and land-cover change mapping play a role in this dialogue.
Readings: Green, G., and R. Sussman. 1990. Deforestation History of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar from Satellite Images. Science 248:212–215. (Core)
Nyerges, A., and G. Green. 2000. The Ethnography of Landscape: GIS and Remote Sensing in the Study of Forest Change in West African Guinea Savanna. American Anthropologist 102(2):271–289. (Core)
Sussman, R. W., G. Green, and L. K. Sussman. 1994. Satellite Imagery, Human Ecology, Anthropology, and Deforestation in Madagascar. Human Ecology 22(3):333–354. (Core)
11:30 - 12:30 Two Participant Presentations Woodburn 218
12:30 - 2:00 Lunch
2:00 - 3:30 Vicky Meretsky, Dawn Parker Woodburn 218
"CIPEC's Biocomplexity Research"
We will introduce the concept of biocomplexity and CIPEC's new biocomplexity research project. Our work focuses on modeling land-use decisions at the household level in order to understand processes that lead to deforestation and reforestation during the "settled" period of Indiana's history, and during colonization of a portion of Brazilian forest. We plan to develop and compare two land-use modeling techniques: agent-based modeling and spatial econometrics.
Readings: Biocomplexity in Linked Bioecologial-Human Systems: Agent-Based Models of Land-Use Decisions and Emergent Land-Use Patterns in Forested Regions of the American Midwest and the Brazilian Amazon. NSF grant application #SES0083511. 2000. Bloomington: Center for the Study of Institutions, Population, and Environmental Change, Indiana University. (Core)
Bousquet, F., O. Barreteau, C. Le Page, C. Mullon, and J. Weber. 1999. An Environmental Modelling Approach: The Use of Multi-Agent Simulations. In Advances in Environmental Modelling, ed. F. Blasco and A. Weill, 113–122. Paris: Elsevier. Available in .pdf at http://cormas.cirad.fr/en/bibliog/chaptire.htm. (Core)
Colwell, R. 1998. Balancing the Biocomplexity of the Planet's Living Systems: A Twenty-First Century Task for Science. BioScience 48(10):786–787. (Core)
Epstein, J., and R. Axtell (contributor). 1996. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Ch. 1: Introduction (Core)
Ch. 2: Life and Death on the Sugarscape (Core)
3:45 - 5:00 Darla Munroe Woodburn 218
"Spatial Statistical Analysis of Environmental Change"
Readings: Angelsen, A., and D. Kaimowitz. 1999. Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models. The World Bank Research Observer 14(1):73–98. (Core)
Chomitz, K. M., and D. A. Gray. 1996. Roads, Land Use, and Deforestation: A Spatial Model Applied to Belize. The World Bank Economic Review 10(3):487–512. (Core)
Mertens, Benoît, and E. F. Lambin. 2000. Land-Cover-Change Trajectories in Southern Cameroon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90(3):467-494.
Mertens, Benoît, W. D. Sunderlin, O. Ndoye, and E. F. Lambin. 2000. Impact of Macroeconomic Change on Deforestation in South Cameroon: Integration of Household Survey and Remotely-Sensed Data. World Development 28(6):983–999.
Nelson, Gerald C., V. Harris, and S .W. Stone. In press. Deforestation, Land Use and Property Rights: Empirical Evidence from Darién, Panama. Land Economics.
(May 2001).
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8:30 - 10:00 Jon Unruh, Clark Gibson, Glen Green, Bill McConnell, Nathan Vogt
"Africa Research Discussion" Woodburn 218
Africa offers specific and unique conditions with regard to change in forest cover and condition. While CIPEC's research in the Western Hemisphere has allowed for a cohesive program to focus on forest ecosystems that are represented over significantly large areas of the globe, it is recognized that the significantly different institutional environments of Africa present unique challenges to our growing understanding of how human societies intersect with forested land resources. In this regard, CIPEC seeks to move forward with work in a select number of sites in Africa where in-country colleagues, research efforts, and datasets already exist. CIPEC research in these sites will serve to facilitate both comparative efforts and the testing of hypotheses from our work in the Western Hemisphere, and further theoretical development, especially in those areas which diverge significantly from the Americas, such as the roles of land tenure, history, decision making, fragmentation, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. Two sites in Madagascar and one in Uganda have been selected, and CIPEC is presently processing satellite imagery and planning for summer fieldwork. We present here the initial constructs of the research plan for Africa, and some of the relevant issues that have drawn us to these specific sites.
Readings: Bertrand, A. 1992. The Planted Forest and the Private Forest of the Madagascan Highlands. Forests, Trees and People Newsletter 15/16(February):45–48. (Core)
Green, G., and R. Sussman. 1990. Deforestation History of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar from Satellite Images. Science 248:212–215. (Core)
(See Core Readings for Wednesday, May 23, 10:20 a.m. lecture.)
Lindblade, K., G. Carswell, and J. Tumuhairwe. 1998. Mitigating the Relationship between Population Growth and Land Degradation. Ambio 27(7). (Core)
Nyerges, A., and G. Green. 2000. The Ethnography of Landscape: GIS and Remote Sensing in the Study of Forest Change in West African Guinea Savanna. American Anthropologist 102(2):271–289. (Core)
(See Core Readings for Wednesday, May 23, 10:20 a.m. lecture.)
Sussman, R. W., G. Green, and L. K. Sussman. 1994. Satellite Imagery, Human Ecology, Anthropology, and Deforestation in Madagascar. Human Ecology 22(3):333–354. (Core)
(See Core Readings for Wednesday, May 23, 10:20 a.m. lecture.)
Kull, C. 2000. Deforestation, Erosion and Fire: Degradation Myths in the Environmental History of Madagascar. Environment and History 6:423–450.
Place, F., and K. Otsuka. 2000. The Role of Tenure in the Management of Trees at the Community Level: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses from Uganda and Malawi. CAPRi Working Paper No. 9.
10:00 - 10:20 Break
10:20 - 11:30 J. C. Randolph Woodburn 218
"Forest Mensuration"
Continuation of "Forest Ecology," Week I, Thursday, May 17, 8:30 a.m. lecture.
11:30 - 1:00 Lunch
1:00 - 5:00 Catherine Tucker, Glen Green, and Tom Evans Woodburn 218 and Outside
"Preparatory Field Work: Collecting Forest Data – Plot Forms and Training Sample Forms" and "Introduction to GPS"
A brief description of the CIPEC forest plot form, tools, data collection, etc., as well as a description of the CIPEC training sample form. A short discussion of GPS will follow: how and why, and its relevance to using GIS and remote sensing to assess forest cover and conditions. During the second half of this session we will be outside to put our training into practice using GPS equipment to do training samples and conduct a CIPEC forest plot.
Readings: Avery and Berlin. 1992. GIS and Land Use and Land Cover Mapping.
Hurn, Jeff. 1989. GPS: A Guide to the Next Utility. Sunnyvale, Calif.: Trimble Navigation. (Will be distributed during this lecture.)
IFRI Forest Plot Form and Guidelines.
(See Core Readings for Week I, Thursday, May 17, 8:30 a.m. lecture.)
Bring the Plot Form with you to the lecture.
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8:30 - 5:00 Catherine Tucker, Coordinator Griffy Lake
"Field Trip to Griffy Lake"
We put our training into practice with a trip to a forested area north of Bloomington. There we will divide into teams and take measurements of the landscape and forest using the CIPEC Forest Plot form and the CIPEC training sample form. Wear clothes appropriate to hard work in a forested environment (including comfortable shoes!).
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Phone: (812) 855-2230
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Fax: (812) 855-2634
Last Updated: April 04, 2004
Comments: cipec@indiana.edu
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