Spring Semester 2001
- J. Marty Anderies - Wednesday, April 25th, 2001
- Robert Walker - Monday, April 16, 2001
- Dianne Rocheleau - Wednesday, April 11, 2001
- Ned Horning - Wednesday, April 11, 2001
- Dr. Bryan C. Pijanowski - Thursday, March 29, 2001
- Dr. Bryan C. Pijanowski - Wednesday, March 28, 2001
- Larissa Steiner Chermont - Wednesday, March 21, 2001
- William J. McConnell - Wednesday, March 7, 2001
- William J. McConnell - Wednesday, February 21, 2001
- Steven Manson - Thursday, January 18, 2001
- Peter Deadman - Wednesday, January 17, 2001
- Marco Janssen - Wednesday, January 10, 2001
4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, April 25th, 2001
J. Marty Anderies, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems,
"Self-organizing, adaptive community governance:
An illustrative model."
Abstract
An important issue for successful community governance is under what
conditions communities can self organize and adaptively solve resource
problems. Since communities are embedded in larger institutional
structures, the interaction of institutions at different scales will
influence the success or failure of community governance. As Bowles
and
Gintis have recently put it, communities, markets, and states not
substitutes. Effective resource governance should be based on
increasing
the complimentarity of communities, markets, and states. In this talk
I
will present a very simple model of community resource governance. I
will
discuss the effect of different payment and boundary rules on the
ability of
the system to self organize, especially in terms of the importance of
linking communities with other institutions at larger scales.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Monday, April 16, 2001
Robert Walker,
Department of Geography,
Michigan State University,
"Mapping Process to Pattern in the
Landscape Change of Forest Frontiers."
Abstract
Changes in land use and land cover are dynamic processes reflecting a
sequence of decisions made by individual land managers. In developing
economies, these decisions may be embedded in the evolution of
individual
households, as is often the case in indigenous areas and agricultural
frontiers. Since tropical deforestation occurs at the frontier, this
particular process of land cover change frequently bears a close
relationship to household production and demography. One goal of the
present paper is to address a set of land use and land cover decisions
that
lead to tropical deforestation, and to do so in a way that reflects the
structure and evolution of households. Another goal is to generalize
the
issue of tropical deforestation into a broader discussion on forest
dynamics. The extent of secondary forest in tropical areas has been
well
documented in South America and Africa. Agricultural plot abandonment
often
occurs in tandem with primary forest clearance, and as part of the same
decision-making calculus. Consequently, tropical deforestation and
forest
succession are not independent processes in the landscape. The present
paper presents a framework that integrates them into a model of forest
dynamics, and in do doing provides an account of the spatial pattern of
deforestation and landscape change.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, April 11, 2001
Dianne Rocheleau, Associate Professor,
Graduate School of Geography,
Clark University,
Also serves on faculty of International Development, Women's Studies, Environmental School, Environmental Science and Policy, "Complex Communities and Emergent Ecologies in Two Dominican Landscapes: Networks, Property, and Relational Webs in Dynamic Human Ecologies."
Abstract
Social and ecological networks offer an enabling metaphor, allowing us to climb out of the boxes that have constrained our thinking about communities and local organizations. In fact, in many cases we are dealing with rooted networks with far- flung branches and satellite nets. The condition of being in a place and being in community are at base a form of being in relation. As such the location of anyone in community is contingent on relations with other people, species and elements of specific places. Local organizations and social movements mediate intra- and inter-community relations between individuals, households and groups based on gender, class, age, occupation and political affiliation. The same organizations shape the landscape, both literally and metaphorically, and trace the territories of home, habitat, workplace and marketplace within local space. They influence the making of local places and the places of people in local natures. In the Zambrana Chacuey region (Dominican Republic) community-based organizations and social movements play a pivotal role in interactions between forests, trees, people in each place and external forces, (state, market and civil society). Community groups tend toward multiple membership, complex identities and flexible webs of affinity between disparate groups. Coalitions gel, melt and collide according to need and do not follow narrowly circumscribed lines of economic or ideological interest. In each case the complexity as well as the actual structure of relationships in place conditions the making of communities, ecologies and landscapes. The same complex structures also help to articulate public, common and private "property" within place, create webs of related people across places, and shape ecological relations within and between locality, region, state and market. The talk will illustrate two case studies and will serve as focus for dialogue on multiple scale, interdisciplinary methods and research designs. The objective is to identify instances of viability in actually existing human ecologies and to apply them to development of just and humane alternative futures within diverse regional contexts.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, April 11, 2001
Ned Horning, Independent Consultant,
Fletcher Vermont, "A Forest Cover Change Study Gone Bad: Lessons learned (?) in measuring changes in forest cover in Madagascar."
Abstract
A forest cover change study conducted in Madagascar is reviewed and several
issues are raised regarding the appropriateness of the applied methods.
Problems with seemingly intuitive approaches are discussed and solutions are
proposed.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Thursday, March 29, 2001
Dr. Bryan C. Pijanowski,
Department of Entomology,
Michigan State University, "A review of LTM applications: coupling a
land use change model with hydrologic, water chemistry, biopollution and forest cover change processes."
Abstract
The LTM is part of a set of integrated models being used to assess the potential impacts of land use
change on the environment. In Michigan's Grand Traverse Bay Watershed, the LTM has been coupled
to a groundwater flow and solute transport model, surface runoff models, surface water chemistry,
natural resource fragmentation, and biopollution indicators. This presentation will offer an overview of
these linkages and how they are being used to assess the coupling of land use change and water quality
with an emphasis on examining the potential impact of land use legacy on stream water quality and the
design of stream monitoring programs.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, March 28, 2001
Dr. Bryan C. Pijanowski,
Department of Entomology,
Michigan State University, "A GIS and artificial neural network-based Land Transformation Model (LTM) for Michigan's Grand Traverse
Bay Watershed, Detroit, Twin Cities and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."
Abstract
A land use change model that integrates GIS and neural networks has been
developed for several areas around the world. This model utilizes a series of GIS
routines to process spatial information that is incorporated into a variety of artificial neural
network (ANN) routines. This presentation will provide an
overview of the model structure, routines used for calibration and
validation of the model, and will summarize some of the applications of the model
for use in policy assessment and environmental
management.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, March
21, 2001
Larissa Steiner Chermont, PhD Student,
Development Studies Institute - Destin,
London School of Economics, "Modeling
fire use and fire prevention in the Brazilian Amazônia."
Abstract
Man-made forest ground fires are a crucial cause of the destruction
of Amazonian forests. Although much has been written about Amazonian
deforestation, understanding of the economics of forests ground
fires remains rudimentary.
Empirical data will be used to understand:
- the economic causes of household's decisions to use fire
as a management tool;
- the costs & benefits of fire prevention activities;
- the valuation of fire in the Amazon to society as a whole;
- practical changes in terms of public policies for the region.
This economic model of land-user behavior might predict both
the incidence of fire and farm-level investment in fire prevention
and control. Our hypothesis is that land users' propensity to
set fires decreases, while their investment in fire prevention
increases, as agriculture becomes more intensive and permanent.
In other words, we predict that investments in fire-vulnerable
improvements to the land, such as fencing, agro-forestry systems,
tree plantations and other perennial crop production systems,
pasture reform, and buildings, act as a disincentive for landholders
to burn and as an incentive for landholders to invest in fire
prevention and control. Moreover, other factors, such as distance
to market and land tenure security, and absenteeism, may be determinants
of fire risk. We intend to test this hypothesis through property-level
interviews and analyses of satellite images, in which we compare
the level of investment made in rural properties with the history
of fire occurrence on that property.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, March
7, 2001
William J. McConnell,
LUCC
Focus 1 Officer,
Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change,
Indiana University, "The
Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)."
Following on from the demonstration and discussion of the Land
Cover Classification System at the Colloquium on February 21,
Bill McConnell will facilitate a hands-on session covering the
use of the LCCS software. Participants will generate standardized
classifications for a range of land cover units.
NOTE: This Colloquium will be held in the CIPEC Computer Lab(3rd
Floor) at 408 N. Indiana. Due to limited space in the CIPEC
Computer Lab it will be necessary for attendees to "reserve"
a spot. Please contact Teena Freeman (tgfreema@indiana.edu)
if you would like to be put on the list.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday,
February 21, 2001
William J. McConnell,
LUCC
Focus 1 Officer,
Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change,
Indiana University, "The
Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)."
Abstract
The Land Cover Classification System is a comprehensive standardized
a-priori classification system, designed to meet the needs of
a variety of users and designed for mapping exercises, but independent
of scale or means used. The proposed classification can be used
as a reference system because the diagnostic criteria allow
correlation with existing classifications and/or legends.
Land Cover Classes are defined by the combination of a set
of independent diagnostic criteria, the so-called classifiers,
which are hierarchically arranged to assure a high degree of
geographical accuracy. Because of the heterogeneity of land
cover, the same set of classifiers can not be used to define
all land cover types. The hierarchical arrangement of classifiers
may differ from one land cover type to an other. Therefore,
the classification is designed according to two main phases:
- a dichotomous phase where eight major land cover types are
distinguished; and
- a modular-hierarchical phase where the set of classifiers
and their hierarchical arrangement are tailored to the major
land cover type.
This allows the use of the most appropriate classifiers and
reduces the total number of impractical combinations of classifiers.
The classification system is set up in a flexible way which
allows the user to derive a mutually exclusive Land Cover Class
at any level of the system.
Further definition of the Land Cover Class can be achieved
by adding attributes. Two types of attributes, which form separate
levels in the classification, are distinguished:
- environmental attributes: these attributes (e.g. climate,
landform, geology) influence land cover but are not inherent
features of it and should not be mixed with “pure” classifiers.
- specific technical attributes: these attributes refer to
the technical discipline. For (Semi-Natural Vegetation floristics
can be added (the method how this information was compiled
and a list of occurring species), for Cultivated Areas the
crop types can be added according to broad categories commonly
used in statistics or at the detailed level of species.
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12:00-1:30 p.m. Thursday, January 18,
2001
Steven Manson,
Graduate School of Geography,
Clark University, "Simple and Complex Approaches to
Projection of Land-Use/Cover Change."
Abstract
The presentation focuses on use of an "Agent-based Dynamic
Spatial Simulation" to project short-term land-use/cover
change scenarios in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. A conceptual
framework based on land manager decision making in relation
to socioeconomic institutions and the environment is mapped
onto a model composed of an agent-based model and a generalized
cellular automata.
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4:00 - 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, January
17, 2001
Peter Deadman,
Department of Geography,
Faculty of Environmental Studies,
University of Waterloo, "Simulations
of Household Structure and Land Use Change in the Brazilian
Amazon."
Abstract
The simulation described here focuses on a case study in Altamira,
Pará, Brazil in which demographic data on individual households
and the land use decisions that they make regarding deforestation
have been documented. This simulation of land use change in
the Amazon (LUCITA) employs a spatially referenced, intelligent
agent-based approach in which each household in the study region
is represented as an individual agent. These agents consider
the status of their natural and institutional environment, as
well as their own labor and capital resources, when making decisions
about how to utilize the land on their individual properties.
This presentation describes the initial results of these simulations,
while making observations on the utility of spatially referenced,
agent-based simulations for modeling human-environment interactions
in a land use change context.
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4:00-5:30 p.m. Wednesday, January
10, 2001
Marco Janssen, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department
of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, "Co-evolution
of people and nature: modeling approaches."
Abstract
In this colloquium an overview is given of recent work of Dr.
Janssen on multi-agent simulation of ecological economic systems.
After a brief introduction on multi-agent simulation, modeling
individual behavior will be discussed in detail. The approach
presented is based on social psychology. Some work in progress
will be presented on simulating laboratory experiments of common-pool
resources and the evolution of cognitive strategies in an artificial
society. The next step in modeling the interaction of people
and nature is the inclusion of institutions. New approaches
which include relevant ecosystem complexity and multi-agents
are games with dynamic pay-off tables and an immune system perspective.
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Last Updated: May 11, 2005
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2005, The Trustees of Indiana
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